日本法院裁定強制跨性別者絕育“違憲”
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【爱搞帝】 » 日本法院裁定強制跨性別者絕育“違憲”
該法律長期以來一直受到 LGBTQ+ 權利團體的譴責,先前在法庭上提出的質疑也被駁回。
作者:Jessie Yeung 和 Francesca Annio,CNN
東京(CNN)—日本最高法院裁定,政府要求跨性別者在獲得法律承認之前必須進行絕育的要求違憲,這是該國LGBTQ群體多年來取得的勝利。
根據20年前頒布的一項法律,想要修改身分證件的變性人必須被診斷患有“性別認同障礙”,年滿18歲,未婚且沒有未成年子女。
他們還必須具有與異性相似的生殖器官,並且沒有生殖能力。這意味著他們必須接受過侵入性手術,包括絕育和整形手術。
長期以來,這項法律一直受到人權組織的譴責,先前在法庭上提出的質疑都被駁回——直到本案是由一名跨性別女性提起的,她希望在不進行手術的情況下將自己的法定性別從男性改為女性。
據公共廣播公司 NHK 報道,原告辯稱,多年的荷爾蒙治療已經影響了她的生殖能力。
她的案件在提交最高法院之前已被家庭法院和高等法院駁回。週一,法院做出了對她有利的裁決,宣布要求絕育的條款「違反」憲法。
「目前,該條款對人身傷害自由的限制已經變得越來越沒有必要,而且限制的程度也變得更加嚴重。因此,該規定沒有必要和合理。」法院在判決中表示。
它補充說,根據憲法,生殖權利「被視為基本人權」。判決書寫道:“為了使自己認定的性別與合法性別相匹配,她們必須不情願地接受生育能力的切除,這是一個殘酷的選擇。”
根據 NHK 報道,這是二戰以來最高法院第 12 次判定某項法律條款違憲,從而迫使日本國會對該法律進行審查。
然而,這並不意味著整個法律都在改變——只是要求絕育的條款被改變。
最高法院拒絕就另一項要求跨性別者擁有「類似」異性生殖器官的條款做出裁決,稱這是憲法規定。根據週一的裁決,案件的這一部分將被送回下級法院審議,該裁決補充說,該要求並不「直接強迫」跨性別者接受手術。
這項裁決引起了不同的反應——LGBTQ 群體內部有一些讚揚和慶祝,但也有對剩餘手術要求以及更廣泛的社會態度的擔憂。
在裁決後的新聞發布會上,原告律師南和之宣讀了原告的一份聲明,稱她「對意外的結果感到非常驚訝」。
她在聲明中說:「非常遺憾的是,(我的)性別改變沒有得到大司法院的批准,案件已被推遲,」但她補充道,「我很高興此案的結果將導致向積極的方向發展。”
律師南補充說,認為現行法律違憲的判決“真的很少”,因此這項裁決“非常重要”。然而,他承認,“令人沮喪的是,我們尚未得出(原告)想要的最佳結論。”
日本名人大學專門研究 LGBTQ 問題的法學教授 Ken Suzuki 將法院的裁決描述為“半個裁決”,並表示社區成員仍在等待下級法院決定是否需要進行其他生殖器手術。類似於”異性。
「儘管如此,這給了他們希望,」他說,稱其為「革命性的判決」。“很多人都可以看到評委們實際上對這個主題非常感興趣。”
全國性取向和性別認同困難者法律聯盟(又稱 LGBT 法律聯盟)也對這一決定表示讚賞,同時表示希望最高法院對剩餘的問題做出「公平的決定」。對跨性別者的要求。
該組織還對最近針對跨性別者的歧視事件表示“強烈遺憾”,包括對跨性別者使用自己選擇的浴室普遍存在的“焦慮和恐懼”。
根據 NHK 報道,今年夏天早些時候,最高法院對政府機構禁止跨性別員工使用女廁的決定做出了裁決,這是最高法院首次涉及工作場所性少數群體權利的裁決。
日本大部分地區長期以來對 LGBTQ 議題持保守觀點,儘管近年來的民調顯示態度正在轉變,但活動人士表示,歧視仍然普遍存在。例如,日本是七國集團(G7)中唯一對同性婚姻沒有法律保護的國家。
今年春天,政府面臨越來越大的壓力,要求在5 月主辦七國集團領導人峰會之前通過一項促進LGBTQ 群體理解的法律,但圍繞該法案的爭論意味著該法案只在峰會開始前一天提交給議會。
最終,通過的法案是活動人士所希望的淡化版本,沒有提供任何人權保障 — — 批評者稱,甚至措辭可能暗中鼓勵某種形式的歧視。
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